Current research supports the idea that regular physical activity can play a key role in non-pharmacological care of cancer survivors and influence their quality of life. Cancer treatment itself carries a number of undesirable side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, anxiety, depression, sarcopenia, polyneuropathy, cancer fatigue and sleep disorders. Regular physical activity is associated with significant benefits for human health, including a reduced risk of some types of cancer and the elimination of the accompanying side effects of cancer treatment. A number of epidemiological studies have found a connection between regular physical activity and reduced cancer-related mortality. The minimum amount of activity needed to achieve such a benefit is still unknown, ACSM recommendations indicate that at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week is needed. Non-pharmacological physical therapy is an area of survivorship care that aims to introduce targeted, supervised exercise programs into the overall therapy of patients. Exercise programs are feasible throughout the course of the disease, including the period before treatment, also during adjuvant anticancer treatment (including chemotherapy) and in survivors. When prescribing physical activity, it is necessary to take into account the current health status of the patient, including comorbidities, age and level of physical fitness. If guided physical activity is to become an integral part of the treatment of oncological patients, it will be necessary to demonstrate the safety and cost-effectiveness of this therapy.