The second volume of the textbook Medical Biology covers basic knowledge of human genetics and genomics and selected chapters from molecular medicine. This textbook aims to help medical students learn, understand, and review these extensive fields of medical sciences. The first part of the textbook is focused on Mendelian Inheritance, autosomal and gonosomal Inheritance, and chromosome abnormalities. The following chapters are on multifactorial inheritance, genetic linkage, and population genetics. Another part of the book is dedicated to human genomics and includes the chapters describing the human genome and genomic techniques, epigenetics, and immunogenetics. The field of molecular medicine is represented by the chapters on cancer biology and application of cancer biology into the diagnosis and therapy, gene therapy, microbiome and stem cells and regenerative medicine. The textbook is also complemented by clinical notes and molecular case studies relevant to specific chapters to help students practice basic knowledge of the field.